Effects of Exercise Training on Body Composition and Exercise Capacity After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PurposeBariatric surgery is a widely used treatment for obesity; however, it may be associated with certain complications. Effective postoperative management, including lifestyle interventions and exercise training, is essential for optimal outcomes. This study explores the effectiveness of exercise training in postoperative care.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase up to April 3, 2024. Articles were screened and data extracted based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0, and data were analyzed with Stata 15.0.ResultsTwenty-three articles involving 1940 patients were included; 16 were analyzed quantitatively. Exercise training did not significantly reduce body weight compared to routine care (WMD: -0.26; 95% CI, -2.11 to 1.58; I(2) = 54%), but it significantly reduced fat mass (WMD: -2.42; 95% CI, -3.50 to -1.34; I(2) = 42.9%) and maintained lean mass (WMD: 1.40; 95% CI, 0.32 to 2.48; I(2) = 0.0%). Additionally, it reduced waist circumference (WMD: -2.58; 95% CI, -4.43 to -0.73; I(2) = 13.4%) and improved exercise capacity (VO₂ max: WMD: 1.88; 95% CI, 0.64 to 3.13; I(2) = 0.0%).ConclusionWhile exercise training did not significantly lower body weight post-surgery, it effectively reduced fat mass, maintained lean mass, and improved waist circumference and exercise capacity. Given the limited sample sizes in most studies, further large-scale controlled trials are warranted for more definitive conclusions, along with further consideration of their long-term impact on health metrics.