Does Exercise Affect Telomere Length? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background and objectives: Telomere length is an indicator of biological aging, and it shortens during cell division. A short telomere length is associated with various age-related diseases and mortality. It is suggested that physical activity has a positive effect on the rate of telomere length shortening. Materials and Methods: Related studies, published in electronic databases, were searched with keywords, including exercise, telomere length, and randomized controlled trial. The data were weighted and pooled through a fixed-effect model. Results: Of the total 49 studies searched, 7 studies with 939 participants were considered suitable, and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Exercise is beneficial to telomere length. Aerobic exercise was effective as the type of exercise (MD, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.01). In addition, exercise for more than 6 months, with a change in lifestyle, is beneficial for telomere length (MD, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.01). Conclusions: The type and duration of exercise for positive improvement in telomere length is aerobic exercise for more than 6 months.